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Composition |
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Each ml. contains:
Ketamine as Hydrochloride 100 mg. |
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Action |
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Rapid
pharmacological action characterized by profound analgesia, mild cardiac
stimulation, normal pharyngeal-laryngeal reflexes and mild respiratory
depression. It produces cataleptic anesthesia (dissociative anesthesia). It
causes complex reactions in the brain depressing certain area and stimulating
others, which enables to anesthesia and cause seizures in overdose. It increases
the release of dopamine and noradrenaline, which are excitatory and increase the
release of serotonin, which is a depressant. It produces paralysis with some
muscle rigidity, good analgesia, and complete amnesia. Many reflexes are
retained: swallowing, coughing, pedal, corneal,, laryngeal, however the animal
does not blink and the cornea should be kept lubricated during long operations.
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Indications |
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Restraint or
as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic or short surgical procedures that do
not require skeletal muscle relaxation in Cats; restraint of fractious Cats
during atopy testing, anesthesia in turtles and Tortoises (may be followed by
intubation and administration of halothane); tranquilization of ferrets
(particularly for blood collection); restraint of Cats for minor surgical
procedures of all kinds, particularly oral examinations, also in dentistry,
bathing, grooming, clipping, ophthalmologic examination of the fundus (produces
wide pupil dilation). |
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Contraindications |
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Several
renal diseases in Cats. |
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Warnings |
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Many Cats
salivate excessively under Ketamil. Premedication with atropine 0.04 mg/kg is
indicated. Cats have exhibited flashback hallucinogenic behavior 2 to 3 weeks
after Ketamine. Doses exceeding 50 mg/kg should not be used in Cats during any
single procedure. During the recovery period, it is best if handling or sound
does not stimulate animals. This does not preclude the monitoring of vital
signs. |
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Precautions |
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Ketamil is
excreted almost exclusively in an active form by the kidneys, therefore, it
should be used with great care in Cats with impaired renal function. However,
low doses of 1 to 2 mg/kg intravenously have been used successfully by many
clinicians. |
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Overdoses |
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In severe
respiratory depression due to overdose, use Dopram. Oxygen is also recommended.
If animal has severe convulsions, use small doses of pentobarbitone sodium. |
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Dosage and Administration |
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Fasting
prior to induction of anesthesia of restrain with Ketamil is not essential, however, it is advisable
to withhold food for at least 6 hours prior to administration. Depending on the
procedure and duration of anesthesia required doses may be varied from as low as
11 mg/kg
Cats: 11 to 14 mg/kg by
intramuscular injection. Ketamil and Xylazine may be used in combination to
produce deep anesthesia in the Cat. Give maximum Xylazine 0.25 ml and increase
Ketamil dose from 0.25 to 0.5 ml according to the size of the Cat. Top up with
Ketamil 0.1 ml not Xylazine in long procedures.Turtles and Tortoises: 20 to
40 mg/kg.
Ferrets: 10 to 30 mg/kg by intramuscular of subcutaneous
injection. |
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Presentation |
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Injection: 10 ml, 50 ml. |
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Storage
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Store below 300 C. Protect from light. |
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Poison
Schedules |
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S4. |
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